The article questions the contention that, in the process of partition and the delimitation of borders in Africa, no account was taken of local conditions. The possibility of indirect African influence on the process is examined. At least some of the treaties concluded between Europeans and African rulers were genuine, and regarded as a contractual obligation by both sides.
This article surveys the key land policies formulated both in Lisbon and in Mozambique between 1900 and 1940 and places them in their particular historical context.
Article from JSTOR exploring Portuguese motivations for colonization in Africa, including efforts to bolster the economy of Portugal through colonization.
This article analyzes the first paper on the railways to be built in the Portuguese African colonies, which begins with a section having the suggestive title 'The need to build up railways in order to civilize Africa', as well as subsequent discussions in the same journal.
This essay focuses on the dynamics of vulnerability and counter vulnerability in the Portuguese experience in Moxico. This analysis of vulnerability and counter-vulnerability applies to many of the colonies in Africa at the time.
This article discusses the colonial techniques adopted by Great Britain and France in West Africa. By 1900 the political map of tropical Africa had by and large assumed its present appearance; the only important changes since then have been the ousting of Germany during the World War and the recent Italian conquest of Ethiopia.
Focuses on the conquest of Egypt by the British empire on August 1897. Siege of Khartoum by General Charles Gordon; Conquest of Sudan; Reason behind Sudan's interest on Sudan; National rising by the Khedive in Egypt in 1881; Impact of the construction of a railway in Egypt; Background on several battles fought; Background on the key British figures in the conquest.
This article discusses how little the French citizens had to pay in taxes to colonize French West Africa, and how the burden fell on the African people.
A paper written in 1894 detailing the ambitions of the French in Africa, as well as their dealings with other European superpowers in their efforts to unite their colonies in West Africa.
This article from UPenn provides background information and is a good place to start your research. Includes details about French interests and looks into possible motivations for expansion.
Great article discussing France's economic policy around Africa and the resources it desired. Skip a few pages in to find the most relevant information.
Aftermath of the Franco-Prussian war led to politically motivated takeover of Africa-regain national prestige. Germany became the preeminent European power instead of France.
The article discusses the imperial policies of King Leopold II of Belgium in the Congo Free State between 1885 and 1908, when the Belgium government was forced to administer the colony in response to international outrage.
Examines the risks and rewards of the colonization of Africa, including the personal motivations of the capitalists looking to gain a foothold in the country.
This article addresses the evolution of the relationship between Bishop Prosper Augouard and King Leopold II's Congo Free State from the closure of the Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference to the termination of the regime in 1908.
The article talks about the commission of inquiry set up by King Leopold to look into atrocities that were attributed to his own colonial rule in the Congo Free State during 1904-1905.
The World Factbook provides basic intelligence on the history, people, government, economy, energy, geography, environment, communications, transportation, military, terrorism, and transnational issues for 266 world entities.
Examines the economic implications of the Berlin-West Africa conference from November 1884 to February 1885, which discussed African problems in Berlin, Germany.
Details the Berlin West Africa Conference of 1884-1885, which has assumed a powerful symbolic presence in international legal accounts of the 19th century.
